Combination of bone tissue engineering and BMP-2 gene transfection promotes bone healing in osteoporotic rats

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a feasible approach to promote bone healing in osteoporotic rats using autogenous bone tissue-engineering and gene transfection of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (hBMP-2). METHODS: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from the left tibia of osteoporotic rats were transfected with the hBMP-2 gene in vitro which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and Western blotting. Autogenous transfected or untransfected BMSCs were seeded on macroporous coral hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds. Each cell-scaffold construct was implanted into a defect site which was created in the ramus of the mandible of osteoporotic rats. Four or eight weeks after implantation in situ hybridization was performed in BMSCs transfected with hBMP-2, X-ray examinations, histological and histomorphological analyses were used to evaluate the effect of tissue-engineered bone on osseous defect repair. RESULTS: Newly formed bone was observed at the margin of the defect 4 weeks after implantation with BMSCs transfected with BMP-2. Mature bone was observed 8 weeks after treatment. In the control group there was considerably less new bone and some adipose tissue was observed at the defect margins 8 weeks after implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Autogenous cells transfected with hBMP-2 promote bone formation in osteoporotic rats. BMSC-mediated BMP-2 gene therapy used in conjunction with bone tissue engineering may be used to successfully treat bone defects in osteoporotic rats. This method provides a powerful tool for bone regeneration and other tissue engineering.     

黑龙江省6种乔木叶片热解特性及气体释放特征

森林可燃物是森林火灾发生的基础,地表死可燃物是森林可燃物的重要组成部分,研究地表死可燃物的热解特性和气体释放对探究森林火灾对大气环境和碳平衡的影响及森林火灾的预防和扑救具有重要意义.本研究对黑龙江省6种乔木(樟子松、红皮云杉、水曲柳、胡桃楸、蒙古栎和白桦)地表凋落的叶片进行热重分析和气体释放分析,探究森林可燃物的热解过...     

Automated on-chip rapid microscopy, phenotyping and sorting of C. elegans

Microscopy, phenotyping and visual screens are frequently applied to model organisms in combination with genetics. Although widely used, these techniques for multicellular organisms have mostly remained manual and low-throughput. Here we report the complete automation of sample handling, high-resolution microscopy, phenotyping and sorting of Caenorhabditis elegans. The engineered microfluidic system, coupled with customized software, has enabled high-throughput, high-resolution microscopy and sorting with no human intervention and may be combined with any microscopy setup. The microchip is capable of robust local temperature control, self-regulated sample-loading and automatic sample-positioning, while the integrated software performs imaging and classification of worms based on morphological and intensity features. We demonstrate the ability to perform sensitive and quantitative screens based on cellular and subcellular phenotypes with over 95% accuracy per round and a rate of several hundred worms per hour. Screening time can be reduced by orders of magnitude; moreover, screening is completely automated.     

汶川大地震对外来入侵种的影响与管理对策

2008年5月12日四川省汶川县发生的大地震对当地人民的生命财产造成了巨大的损失。为了营灾民及抢救财产,大量国际和国内救援物资和人员陆续到达地震灾区,对减轻灾区民众的痛苦起到了积极的作用。随着国际国内救援物资和人员的到达,一些外来入侵种有可能随之进入灾区。如果这些外来入侵种得不到有效的控制,就可能造成生物入侵的发生。因此应该采取科学的对策及早进行防治,包括：（1）加强对外来入侵种的生态风险评估,（2）严密监测外来入侵种的动态,（3）采取科学方法控制外来入侵种。     

中国五种蜉金龟幼虫形态记述(鞘翅目,金龟科,蜉金龟亚科)

基于3龄幼虫首次描述了中国5种蜉金龟幼虫的形态特征,分别是:方胸蜉金龟 Aphodius quadratus Reiche、黄缘蜉金龟 A.sublimbatus Motschulsky、直蜉金龟 A.rectus Motschulsky、游荡蜉金龟 A.erraticus(Linnaeus)(补充描记).文中列出了中国蜉金龟幼虫的分种检索表.主要鉴别特征是:头部、内唇和臀节等.     

丽蝇科尼蚓蝇属研究并记一新种(双翅目,丽蝇科)

记述了丽蝇科Calliphoridae尼蚓蝇属Nepalonesia Kurahashi et Thapa,1994的所有种类,共9种,其中包括1新种:突腹尼蚓蝇N.ventrexcerta sp.nov.,均分布于东洋区.文中编制了已知种的检索表,详细描述了新种形态特征及比较特征.模式标本藏于中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所昆虫博物馆.     

土壤微生物生物量在团聚体中的分布以及耕作影响

了解土壤微生物在土壤结构体内部的分布对于预测相关的土壤生物化学过程具有重要意义。由于气候、土壤以及耕作的影响,该领域的研究结果存在很大的空间和时间变异,因此有待进行更多的在不同气候和土壤类型下的研究。首次报道亚热带紫色水稻土中微生物生物量在长期不同耕作方式的土壤中不同水稳性团聚体中的分布特征。结果表明微生物生物量在紫色水稻土水稳定性团聚体中的分布模式决定于土壤结构本身,而耕作方式的影响不显著;微生物生物量碳在不同粒级土壤团聚体中无显著性差异,微生物生物量氮与可溶性有机碳在0．25～0．053mm微团聚体中含量最高;垄作免耕显著提高土壤团聚体中的微生物生物量及可溶性有机碳含量,而对微生物生物量及可溶性有机碳在土壤团聚体中的分布模式无显著影响。